Behavioral Risk Factors Linked to Endocrine-Metabolic Disorders: Implications for Competency-Based Training in Health Sciences

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Abstract

Introduction: Endocrine-metabolic disorders (metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes) are an epidemic in Latin America, due to modifiable behavioral risk factors (sedentarism, unhealthy diet, chronic stress, smoking). In higher education medical school curricula, competence in primary prevention and promotion of healthy lifestyles is essential to train students in the detection and modification of these factors in patients and communities.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of behavioral risk factors associated with endocrine-metabolic disorders in health sciences students in order to propose their integration into the competency-based medical curriculum.

Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, mixed-methods study conducted during the 2024-2025 academic year (data collection: September to December 2024) with 120 medical and nursing students (clinical courses) at a medical sciences university in Ecuador. Validated surveys were administered (International Physical Activity Questionnaire, to assess physical activity levels; Food Frequency Questionnaire, to measure dietary habits; and a perceived stress scale), and the medical curriculum was reviewed. Descriptive and inferential statistics (percentages, means, chi-square) were processed using statistical software, and content analysis was used to develop the pedagogical proposal.

Results: Sedentarism was prevalent in 58.3%, inadequate diet in 45.0%, abdominal obesity in 22.5%, and high stress in 35.8%. 12.5% presented at least three simultaneous risk factors. Only 28% reported specific training in behavioral counseling for non-communicable disease prevention.

Conclusions: Behavioral risk factors are prevalent in health sciences students so further development of this competency is needed in the curriculum. We propose to incorporate this into a dedicated educational module, then active learning events (behavioral modification workshops, counseling role play, community projects) to enhance student competence in this holistic approach to prevention and health promotion.

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Published

2026-02-15

How to Cite

1.
Cruz Tenempaguay RE, García Silvera EE, García Hermida MI, Lucena de Ustariz ME, Reales Chacon LJ. Behavioral Risk Factors Linked to Endocrine-Metabolic Disorders: Implications for Competency-Based Training in Health Sciences. Educación Médica Superior [Internet]. 2026 Feb. 15 [cited 2026 Feb. 28];40. Available from: https://ems.sld.cu/index.php/ems/article/view/5122

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